Ibn Khaldun is best known for his theory of: A. Political theology B. ‘Asabiyyah C. Jurisprudence D. Tafsir Explanation: He developed the concept of social cohesion (‘Asabiyyah).
Which school rejects Istihsan explicitly? A. Hanafi B. Maliki C. Shafi‘i D. Hanbali Explanation: Imam Shafi‘i strongly opposed Istihsan.
The expedition of Tabuk occurred in which year Hijri? A. 7 AH B. 8 AH C. 9 AH D. 10 AH Explanation: Tabuk took place in 9 AH.
Which narrator is most criticized for Tadlis among major hadith transmitters? A. Sufyan al-Thawri B. Al-Zuhri C. Ibn Ishaq D. Malik Explanation: Ibn Ishaq is known for Tadlis in narrations.
Which Surah contains سجدة التلاوة twice? A. Al-Hajj B. Al-Isra C. Fussilat D. Sad Explanation: Surah Al-Hajj uniquely contains two prostration verses.
“Al-Ibanah” is a theological work attributed to: A. Al-Ghazali B. Ibn Taymiyyah C. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari D. Al-Juwayni Explanation: It reflects Ash‘ari’s later doctrinal positions.
Which Ottoman Sultan captured Constantinople? A. Suleiman the Magnificent B. Mehmed II C. Selim I D. Bayezid I Explanation: Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453.
Which usul principle is emphasized by Imam Shafi‘i? A. Istislah B. Qiyas C. Taqlid D. Ijma’ only Explanation: Imam Shafi‘i formalized Qiyas in legal theory.
Which companion acted as envoy in Treaty of Hudaybiyyah negotiations? A. Ali ibn Abi Talib B. Uthman ibn Affan C. Abu Bakr D. Umar ibn Khattab Explanation: Uthman was sent to Makkah as envoy.
What is the defining feature of a “Mursal” hadith? A. Companion omitted B. Successor omits Companion C. Fabricated narrator D. Weak chain Explanation: A Tabi‘i narrates directly from Prophet ﷺ omitting Companion.