Which philosopher is associated with “pragmatic maxim”? A. Peirce B. James C. Dewey D. Kant Explanation: Charles Sanders Peirce formulated pragmatic maxim.
Which empire was ruled by Constantine XI, its last emperor? A. Roman B. Byzantine C. Ottoman D. Persian Explanation: Constantine XI died defending Constantinople in 1453.
Which sea lies between Turkey and Ukraine? A. Aegean B. Black Sea C. Adriatic D. Caspian Sea Explanation: Black Sea separates Turkey and Ukraine.
Which philosopher wrote “The Society of the Spectacle”? A. Guy Debord B. Foucault C. Sartre D. Derrida Explanation: Debord critiqued consumer society and media.
Which civilization built the city of Babylon? A. Sumerian B. Babylonian C. Assyrian D. Persian Explanation: Babylon became central under Babylonian rule.
Which organization coordinates global meteorological data? A. WMO B. WHO C. UNEP D. FAO Explanation: WMO standardizes weather and climate data globally.
Which empire had its capital at Ravenna during late antiquity? A. Roman B. Byzantine C. Western Roman D. Ostrogothic Explanation: Ravenna was capital of the Western Roman Empire.
Which philosopher is associated with “dialectics”? A. Hegel B. Locke C. Kant D. Hobbes Explanation: Hegel developed dialectical method of thesis-antithesis-synthesis.
Which treaty ended the Russo-Swedish War (1808–1809)? A. Treaty of Fredrikshamn B. Treaty of Nystad C. Treaty of Tilsit D. Treaty of Vienna Explanation: It ceded Finland from Sweden to Russia.
Which empire was ruled by Diocletian? A. Roman B. Byzantine C. Persian D. Ottoman Explanation: Diocletian reorganized and stabilized the Roman Empire.