Which strait separates Europe and Asia in Turkey? A. Gibraltar B. Bosporus C. Malacca D. Hormuz Explanation: Bosporus divides European and Asian Turkey.
Which philosopher wrote “The Concept of the Political”? A. Carl Schmitt B. Habermas C. Rawls D. Arendt Explanation: Schmitt defined politics in terms of friend-enemy distinction.
Which civilization built the city of Mohenjo-Daro? A. Mesopotamian B. Indus Valley C. Egyptian D. Chinese Explanation: Mohenjo-Daro was part of Indus Valley Civilization.
Which organization promotes global agricultural development? A. FAO B. WHO C. IMF D. WTO Explanation: FAO works to improve agriculture and food security.
Which empire was centered in Aachen under Charlemagne? A. Byzantine B. Carolingian C. Roman D. Ottoman Explanation: Aachen served as Charlemagne’s capital.
Which philosopher is associated with “utilitarian liberalism”? A. Mill B. Kant C. Hegel D. Marx Explanation: Mill expanded Bentham’s utilitarianism with liberty principles.
Which treaty ended the Italian Wars (1494–1559)? A. Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis B. Treaty of Utrecht C. Treaty of Paris D. Treaty of Vienna Explanation: It ended prolonged conflicts between France and Spain.
Which empire was ruled by Charlemagne? A. Byzantine B. Carolingian C. Holy Roman D. Frankish Explanation: Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Empire, later forming the Carolingian core.
Which ocean lies east of Africa? A. Atlantic B. Indian C. Pacific D. Arctic Explanation: Indian Ocean lies east of Africa.
Which philosopher wrote “The World as Will and Representation”? A. Schopenhauer B. Kant C. Nietzsche D. Hegel Explanation: Schopenhauer emphasized will as reality.