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MCQ Practice

Technological Knowledge MCQs

What is a quantum bit or qubit?

  • A. A byte in a quantum computer
  • B. A classical bit encoded with superconductors
  • C. The basic unit of quantum information that can be in a superposition
  • D. A binary digit stored in memory
Explanation:
A qubit is a quantum version of a bit that can exist in a superposition of 0 and 1 states.

Which consensus mechanism is generally more energy-efficient in blockchain networks?

  • A. Proof of Work
  • B. Proof of Stake
  • C. Proof of Work-of-Work
  • D. Proof of Space
Explanation:
Proof of Stake does not require intensive mining computations, making it much more energy-efficient than Proof of Work.

In a blockchain, what is the role of a "smart contract"?

  • A. A protocol for mining
  • B. A self-executing program that enforces rules
  • C. A central authority validating blocks
  • D. A mechanism to anonymize transactions
Explanation:
Smart contracts are programs stored on the blockchain that execute automatically when conditions are met.

What is the key feature of blockchain technology?

  • A. Centralized control
  • B. Tamper-proof decentralized ledger
  • C. Temporary data storage
  • D. Unlimited data throughput
Explanation:
Blockchain uses a distributed ledger with cryptographic links, making it tamper-evident without a central authority.

Why are default passwords on IoT devices a security risk?

  • A. They usually use very complex, unbreakable codes
  • B. They are often published publicly or are easy to guess
  • C. They automatically update monthly
  • D. They encrypt network traffic
Explanation:
Many IoT devices ship with default credentials, which attackers can easily exploit if not changed.

What is a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack?

  • A. Attacker intercepts and possibly alters communication between two parties
  • B. Attacker floods a network with traffic
  • C. Attacker embeds malicious code in an email
  • D. Attacker guesses user passwords
Explanation:
In MitM, the attacker secretly relays and may modify communications between two parties who believe they are communicating directly.

Which of these is NOT a common technique for securing wireless networks?

  • A. WPA3 encryption
  • B. SSID broadcast
  • C. MAC address filtering
  • D. Disabling SSID broadcast
Explanation:
Broadcasting the SSID is not a security measure; enabling WPA3 or hiding the SSID (though weak) are security techniques.

What does "salting" a password do in cryptography?

  • A. Adds extra encryption after hashing
  • B. Adds random data to the password before hashing
  • C. Makes the password case-insensitive
  • D. Duplicates the password hash
Explanation:
A salt is random data added to a password before hashing to prevent rainbow table attacks.

Which type of cyberattack involves overwhelming a system with traffic to disrupt service?

  • A. Phishing
  • B. Man-in-the-Middle
  • C. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
  • D. Brute force
Explanation:
A DDoS attack floods a target with excessive traffic, rendering services unavailable.

Which service provides automated application security scanning against known vulnerabilities?

  • A. VPN
  • B. IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
  • C. WAF (Web Application Firewall)
  • D. Antivirus
Explanation:
A Web Application Firewall (WAF) filters and monitors HTTP traffic for vulnerabilities like SQL injection.