Political Science - II Past Papers Analysis

I. Comparative and Analytical Study of the Political Systems: Political Systems of U.S.A, U.K, France and Germany

1. Compare the party systems of the USA and Germany. How do these systems shape political stability and representation? (2026)

2. France’s semi-presidential system combines features of both parliamentary and presidential systems. Assess its effectiveness in ensuring political stability and avoiding authoritarianism. (2025)

3. Under the Unitary State System, how does the local government system work in the UK? (CSS 2021)

4. How does the system of Checks and Balances work in the US political system? (CSS 2021)

5. Under the unitary state system, how local government system works in UK? (CSS 2020)

6. How the system of Checks and Balances works in the US political system? Explain with examples. (CSS 2019)

7. How the party system in France is different to that in Germany? Discuss in detail. (CSS 2019)

8. Write the Composition, Powers and Position of the French National Assembly. (CSS 2018)

9. Compare and Contest the powers of Indian President with the American president. (CSS 2018)

10. To what extent is it true that the President of the United States is more powerful than the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (UK)? Justify your answer with comparative analysis. (CSS 2017)

11. Discuss the salient features of the judicial system in France. How does it differ from that of the Britain and Pakistan? (CSS 2016)

12. The Senate of the USA is the most powerful Upper House in the world. Can you justify this statement? Explain your answer with reference to the Upper Houses of India and Pakistan. (CSS 2016)

II. Global and Regional Integration

1. Analyze the implications of Brexit on the European Union's integration process and its global influence. (2026)

2. Why has SAARC been unable to replicate the success of the European Union despite geographical proximity and cultural ties among member states? (2025)

3. What are the limitations of International Financial regimes like the IMF and WTO in addressing economic inequalities in developing countries? How do these institutions face challenges in overcoming these disparities? (2025)

4. What are the main characteristics of the United Kingdom’s current political system? Has this system been successful in creating efficient mechanisms to ensure adequate public participation in the affairs of state? (CSS 2024)

5. Have Pakistan’s economic ties with other regional countries improved due to the infrastructure development projects undertaken under the China-Pakistan Economic corridor component of the BRI? (CSS 2024)

6. Has the World Trade Organization (WTO) been successful in ensuring that global trade remains beneficial to most states/units in the international system? (CSS 2024)

7. The people of South Asia had suffered because of missed opportunities for regional development, connectivity, and cooperation. Evaluate the performance of SAARC in the light of this statement. (CSS 2023)

8. WTO is a tool of developed countries to be used for exploitation of developing countries. Do you agree? Give arguments. (CSS 2023)

9. Define democratic peace. Highlight its basic norms and discuss how it played a vital role in the political economic integration of the European Union (EU). (CSS 2022)

10. Russian-Ukraine war has threatened regional political-economic global integration. What policy options are available for IMF and WTO to address the new regional and global challenges in the current scenario? (CSS 2022)

11. Discuss the way in which Globalization could promote regionalization as an adaption. (CSS 2020)

12. Critically evaluate the role of Post World War – II International Financial Regimes in the economic development of the less developed countries. (CSS 2020)

13. Short Note on: (a) Guardian Council of Iran. (b) ECO (CSS 2018)

14. To what extent global economic institutions are indispensable pieces of global governance? (CSS 2018)

15. Discuss the basic norms of regional politico-economic integration and organizational structure of the European Union. (CSS 2017)

16. Short Note on: Global Civil Society (CSS 2017)

17. Detailed notes on the following: (a) European Union – EU (b) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation – SAARC (CSS 2016)

III. Comparative and Analytical Study of the Political Systems: Political Systems of Turkey, Iran, Malaysia, India and China

1. Compare the leadership structures of Iran and Turkey and their impact on policy formulation. (2025)

2. What are the main characteristics of the Chinese political system? How it differs from the communist political system of the USSR. (CSS 2022)

3. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy”. Prove this statement by making a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China. (CSS 2021)

4. Discuss the features of the Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished position of the armed forces in Turkish politics. (CSS 2021)

5. Critically evaluate the role of Military in Turkish Politics? (CSS 2020)

6. Discuss the powers and functions of China’s national people’s Congress? (CSS 2020)

7. Critically analyze the role of military in the Turkish politics. (CSS 2019)

8. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy.” Prove this statement by making a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China and Malaysia. (CSS 2017)

9. Discuss the features of Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished position of the armed forces in Turkish politics. (CSS 2016)

IV. Political Movements in India (Colonial Period)

1. Provide an assessment of how Quaid-e-Azam (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) employed political legalism to strengthen and legitimate the drive towards the creation of Pakistan. (CSS 2024)

2. Iqbal is credited with creating the idea of Pakistan. Give your arguments. (CSS 2019)

3. Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were the genuine leaders who led the Muslim Nation towards success through their socio-political visions in South Asia. Discuss their community services rendered for the Muslims of the subcontinent. (CSS 2017)

4. Explain the rise of Muslim nationalism in South Asia. What were its implications for the nationalist politics of Indian National Congress? (CSS 2016)

V. Government and Politics in Pakistan

1. Analyze Pakistan’s national capacity, focusing on economic, military, and human development indicators. (2026)

2. Federalism has been a continuing source of political tension in our country. Will the 18th amendment made in the constitution solve this issue once for all? Take a position and support with your arguments. (2025)

3. Compare the political and constitutional crises faced by Pakistan between 1947-1956 and the post-2008 era. How do they reflect structural weaknesses in governance? (2025)

4. Provide an outline of Pakistan’s federal system of government. Why has such an approach bee chosen? How successful has it been in ensuring administrative efficiency? (CSS 2024)

5. “The military’s political role has undermined civilian institutions and the growth of democratic political culture”. Analyze civil military relations in Pakistan. (CSS 2023)

6. Judicial activism is the natural corollary of poor governance in Pakistan. Do you agree? (CSS 2023)

7. Despite the enactment of 18th amendment in the constitution of Pakistan 1973, the question of political devolution is as yet largely unresolved. Discuss. (CSS 2023)

8. Discuss the history of constitutional development in Pakistan since 1947. How the Amendment is taken as a revolutionary step toward provincial autonomy in Pakistan? (CSS 2022)

9. Discuss the major issues of the constitutional making process in Pakistan in 1956, 1962, and 1973. (CSS 2021)

10. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary Pakistan? Suggest remedies for the success of the process. (CSS 2021)

11. Make a comparative analysis of the constitution of 1956 and amended constitution of Pakistan 1973? (CSS 2020)

12. What factors contributed to the delay of constitution making process in the early years of Pakistan? Discuss in detail. (CSS 2019)

13. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary Pakistan? Suggest remedies for success of the process. (CSS 2019)

14. Do you agree that Pakistan was achieved by “Jinnah” through the “constitutional democratic process for the sake of constitutional democracy”? (CSS 2018)

15. Logically prove that 18th amendment of 1973 Constitution is considered to be the new social contract for provincial autonomy among the Pakistani political parties. (CSS 2018)

16. Discuss the Major issues during the constitutional making process in Pakistan in 1956, 1962 and 1973. (CSS 2017)

17. How far do you agree that the Political Parties and Interest Groups have established and demolished the political system of Pakistan? Critically analyze. (CSS 2017)

18. What are the issues and problems of federation in Pakistan? Discuss with reference to the US federation. (CSS 2016)

19. What are the political and administrative implications of the Eighteenth amendment to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan? (CSS 2016)

VI. International Relations: History of International Relations

1. Examine the role of the United Nations in promoting peace, security, and development, highlighting its successes and limitations. (2026)

2. Analyze the impact of the Cold War on international relations, focusing on the emergence of superpowers and bloc politics. (2026)

3. Discuss Pakistan’s foreign policy goals, focusing on its relations with India, China, and the USA. (2026)

4. Discuss how national interest shapes a country’s foreign policy, using Pakistan as a case study. (2026)

5. How does public opinion shape the foreign policy-making process in Pakistan? What role does the press play in influencing these decisions? (2025)

6. What role have ideological factors played in the conceptualization of Pakistan’s foreign policy? (CSS 2024)

7. Bilateral relations with China are a pivotal component of Pakistan’s Foreign policy. What are the primary driving factors in this relationship? (CSS 2024)

8. Pakistan China friendship is based on reciprocal developments. Analyze. (CSS 2023)

9. What are the main determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy? How current National Capacity has become a major challenge before an independent foreign policy of Pakistan. (CSS 2022)

10. After World War II, the nuclear race started in the world. How Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) played a vital role toward a non-proliferation and what more efforts are required to make South Asia a nuclear-free zone. (CSS 2022)

11. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan. (CSS 2021)

12. In the post-world war – II period, what were the important patterns of the Balance of Power? (CSS 2020)

13. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan. (CSS 2019)

14. Examine the importance of national interest for “peace and security” with special reference to geostrategic position for economic opportunities of Pakistan in the 21st century. (CSS 2018)

15. Write comprehensive notes on: Foreign policy making process in Pakistan. (CSS 2017)

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