Political Science - I Past Papers MCQs - 2025

Question 1

Which Muslim scholar gave the cyclical theory of ‘Rise and Fall of Sovereign Power’ (state)?

Ibn-e-Khaldun
Shah Waliullah
Ibn-e-Taymiyyah
None of these

Explanation: Ibn-e-Khaldun in Muqaddimah explained rise and fall of states through asabiyyah (social cohesion).

Question 2

According to which Muslim thinker, state is a moral institution to attain good for ‘Millah’ (nation/people)?

Al-Mawardi
Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi
Jamal-ud-din Afghani
None of these

Explanation: Afghani viewed the state as a moral body serving unity and welfare of the Muslim community.

Question 3

Who collected all the ordinances relating to public law and arranged them in one volume?

Al-Farabi
Imam Ghazali
Al-Mawardi
None of these

Explanation: Al-Mawardi compiled public laws in Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya outlining governance principles.

Question 4

Who believes in the use of violence in armed insurrections as a means to capture state power?

Karl Marx
Mao Zedong
Immanuel Kant
None of these

Explanation: Mao Zedong promoted revolutionary violence to seize power during the Chinese revolution.

Question 5

Who argues that Liberal Democracy is the final form of government for all nations?

J.J. Rousseau
Foucault
Francis Fukuyama
None of these

Explanation: Fukuyama claimed liberal democracy marks the endpoint of political evolution.

Question 6

‘Theory of Hegemony’ is propounded by:

Montesquieu
Derrida
Jean Paul Sartre
None of these

Explanation: Antonio Gramsci introduced hegemony explaining dominance through cultural and ideological control.

Question 7

Which believes in rigid type of equality and aimed at the collective ownership of all means of production?

Capitalism
Socialism
Marxism
None of these

Explanation: Marxism supports collective ownership and aims for a classless and equal society.

Question 8

Which one of these is not a social contract theorist?

Thomas Hobbes
J. Locke
J.J. Rousseau
None of these

Explanation: All listed thinkers are social contract theorists, so none is incorrect.

Question 9

According to Iqbal, the concept of ‘Ummah’ is based on:

Asabiyyah
Individuality
Khudi
None of these

Explanation: Iqbal linked Ummah to Khudi, emphasizing selfhood and spiritual development.

Question 10

Who gave the concept of ‘Political Sovereignty’?

Jean Bodin
J.J. Rousseau
Montesquieu
None of these

Explanation: Jean Bodin defined sovereignty as absolute and indivisible state authority.

Question 11

The term ‘Law’ is derived from the German word:

Logos
Lag
League
None of these

Explanation: ‘Law’ comes from the German word lag meaning rule or order.

Question 12

Change in the government is an important feature of a democratic system which is made possible through holding of:

Coup d'état
Anomic Political Movement
Fresh Elections
None of these

Explanation: Elections enable peaceful transfer of power and ensure democratic accountability.

Question 13

Which one of these is not the principle of Islamic state?

Sovereignty of God
Justice
Both (A) & (B)
None of these

Explanation: Sovereignty of God and justice are both core principles, so none is incorrect.

Question 14

Constitutional law is considered:

Subordinate law of the land
Supreme law of the land
Municipal law
None of these

Explanation: Constitutional law is the highest law governing state structure and authority.

Question 15

Public administration is the study of the:

Government affairs
Social movements
Both (A) & (B)
None of these

Explanation: It focuses on organization and management of government functions and policies.

Question 16

Public Policy is generally consisting of the set of ____ adopted by a government.

Actions
Regimes
Networks
None of these

Explanation: Public policy includes actions and decisions taken to solve public issues.

Question 17

In parliamentary democracy, president is a/an ____ sovereign.

Actual
Titular
De-facto
None of these

Explanation: The president holds a ceremonial role while real power lies with the prime minister.

Question 18

Utilitarian thinkers believed in:

Expanding sphere of state action
Limiting sphere of state action
Totalitarianism
None of these

Explanation: Utilitarians favored minimal state interference to maximize overall happiness.

Question 19

Separation of power is the salient feature of ____ system.

Parliamentary
Presidential
Unitary
None of these

Explanation: Presidential systems divide power among branches to ensure checks and balances.